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Mystery of the Red Planet (Mars)
Mars (Mars) - the fourth distance from the Sun and the seventh-sized planet in the solar system. Easily observed with the naked eye as a bright reddish star.Mars, like the other planets in the solar system, named for one of the ancient pantheon of gods, in this case - the god of war Mars (corresponds to the Greek Ares).Similarly, choose a name for the planet's satellites: Phobos and Deimos - whose names the two sons of the mythological Ares, accompanied him in battle.
Mars is half times lower from the Sun, and thus receives 2.3 times less light and heat from the Sun.
Mars rotates on its axis is almost the same as the Earth: its rotation period is 24 hours. 37 min.23 sec.,Up 41 min.19 sec. Over the period of rotation of the Earth.
Change of day and night, as well as the changing of the seasons on Mars, takes place almost the same as on Earth.There is heat and a belt, like the earth.
But there are some differences.First of all, because of the distance from the Sun, climate, generally harsher Earth.Next year, Mars is almost twice as long as the earth, and therefore, lasts longer and the seasons. Finally, because eccentricity of the orbit duration and nature of the seasons differ markedly in the northern and southern hemispheres of the planet.
The chemical composition of Mars is typical for the terrestrial planets, although, of course, there are specific differences. The mantle of Mars is enriched with iron sulfide, appreciable quantities of which were found in the studied surface rocks, whereas the content of metallic iron is considerably smaller than the other terrestrial planets.
The bark is rich in olivine and iron oxides that give the planet a rusty color.The chemical composition of the surface layer: silicon 21%, iron 12.7%, sulfur 3.1%.
If you mentally divide the planet in half a great circle inclined at 35 ° to the equator, somewhere between the two halves of Mars there is a noticeable difference in the nature of the surface. The southern part is mainly an ancient surface, heavily cratered. ? In this hemisphere, are the main shock Basin - Plain Hellas, argyria, and Isis.In the north is dominated by younger and less wealthy cratered surface. Much of the surface of Mars is a more bright regions (continents), which have a reddish-orange color, 25% of the surface - more than the dark "seas" gray-green color, which level is lower than the "mainland."
There is evidence (surviving channel flows - the long branching system of valleys stretching for hundreds of miles, very similar to the dry river bed of the earth, and the differences in elevation corresponds to the direction of currents), which on the surface of Mars at one time there was liquid water. There is every reason to believe that a lot of water on Mars.There are suggestions that water exists today in the form of permafrost.
On Mars there are various forms of clouds and fog. There is a weak ozone layer at an altitude of 36-40km and 7km thick in 250raz weaker world. Thus, in the northern hemisphere summer long, but cool and the winters short and mild, while in the southern hemisphere summer is short, but warm, and winters long and harsh.
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26-10-09, 17:19
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